admin/.tasks-imported/vds-backup-rsync-kreknin.md

vds-backup-rsync-kreknin

Goal

Ежедневный rsync-бэкап важных директорий с VDS (89.253.255.94 / vds.kzntsv.site) → kreknin-synology (195.19.90.188 / kreknin.site) в 05:00 MSK. После каждого прохода — email-нотификация на vitya.kuznetsov@gmail.com со статусом (success/fail + transferred bytes + duration).

Open questions

• Что бэкапить: Resolved 2026-05-20. Sources в /opt/stacks/backup/scripts/run.sh:
  • /opt/stacks/{gitea,verdaccio/storage,verdaccio/config,registry,traefik,portainer,ntfy,backup}
  • /etc/{ssh,ufw,hosts,docker}
  • /home/vitya/.ssh
  • DB dumps в $DUMP_DIR (pg/maria/mongo/redis) — добавляются в rsync source list.
  • Не бэкапим: /opt/stacks/databases/*/data (raw datadirs — running container locks; dumps вместо).
• Куда на kreknin: /volume1/NetBackup/vds-kzntsv/<YYYY-MM-DD>/ + symlink latest. Retention 7 daily snapshots (RETENTION_DAYS env). Weekly/monthly — defer (overkill для текущих ~12G).
• SSH key: продолжаем /home/vitya/.ssh/id_ed25519_kreknin — скрипт читает абсолютным path (work as root too).
• Tool: rsync --link-dest (built-in, hardlink-incremental). Encrypted (restic/borg) defer — VDS↔kreknin link trusted (оба ours), encryption key management = ops overhead. Если канал potentially compromised — переключить позже.
• Email механизм: msmtp + msmtp-mta apt-installed на VDS. Config в /etc/msmtprc (chmod 600 root:root, system-wide since cron runs as root). SMTP smtp.yandex.ru:465 + creds noreply@snolla.com из noreply-snolla-smtp.env. Test send → Yandex 250 OK ✅.
• Phone confirm: user verifies ntfy push на vds-backup topic пришёл из реального cron run (или manual run).

Implementation sketch

/etc/cron.d/vds-backup:

# 05:00 MSK ежедневно
0 5 * * * vitya /opt/stacks/backup/scripts/run.sh

/opt/stacks/backup/scripts/run.sh:

#!/bin/bash
set -e
SOURCE_DIRS=(/opt/stacks/gitea/data /opt/stacks/verdaccio/storage /opt/stacks/verdaccio/config /opt/stacks/registry/docker /opt/stacks/registry/auth /opt/stacks/traefik /opt/stacks/portainer/data /etc/ssh /etc/ufw /etc/hosts /etc/docker /etc/letsencrypt)
DEST_BASE=/volume1/NetBackup/vds-kzntsv
TODAY=$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
LATEST=$DEST_BASE/latest

START_TIME=$(date +%s)
LOG=/tmp/backup-$TODAY.log

# DB dumps первым шагом — pg/maria/mongo в /tmp/db-dumps/$TODAY/, потом включаются в rsync
mkdir -p /tmp/db-dumps/$TODAY
docker exec postgres pg_dumpall -U postgres > /tmp/db-dumps/$TODAY/postgres.sql
docker exec mariadb mariadb-dump --all-databases -u root -p"$MARIA_PASS" > /tmp/db-dumps/$TODAY/mariadb.sql
docker exec mongo mongodump --out=/tmp/mongo --uri="mongodb://root:$MONGO_PASS@localhost:27017?tls=true&tlsAllowInvalidCertificates=true"
docker exec redis redis-cli --tls --insecure -a "$REDIS_PASS" --rdb /data/dump.rdb

# rsync с --link-dest для hardlink-incremental
rsync -azh --link-dest=$LATEST "${SOURCE_DIRS[@]}" /tmp/db-dumps/$TODAY \
  -e "ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_kreknin" \
  vitya@195.19.90.188:$DEST_BASE/$TODAY/

ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_kreknin vitya@195.19.90.188 \
  "rm -f $LATEST && ln -sf $DEST_BASE/$TODAY $LATEST"

END_TIME=$(date +%s)
DURATION=$((END_TIME - START_TIME))
SIZE=$(du -sh $DEST_BASE/$TODAY 2>/dev/null | cut -f1)

# Email via msmtp
echo "Subject: VDS backup $TODAY — SUCCESS

Size: $SIZE, duration: ${DURATION}s
Source: vds.kzntsv.site
Dest: kreknin.site:$DEST_BASE/$TODAY/
" | msmtp vitya.kuznetsov@gmail.com

(скетч; добавить retention prune — find $DEST_BASE -maxdepth 1 -type d -name "20*" | sort | head -n -7 | xargs rm -rf, error trap, etc.)

Decisions log

• 2026-05-20 — rsync --link-dest chosen over restic/borg. Built-in, no encryption key management, VDS↔kreknin trusted link. Encryption defer if threat model changes.
• 2026-05-20 — Cron runs as root, not vitya. Initial vitya run hit ~30 Permission Denied (gitea/portainer container-owned files, /etc/ssh host keys, /etc/ufw rules). Trade-off: больше privilege чем нужно, но альтернатива (sudo wrap rsync) — сложнее. Mitigation: /etc/msmtprc chmod 600 root:root, /opt/stacks/backup/.env chmod 600.
• 2026-05-20 — DB dump approach: docker exec <container> с CLI-passed credentials, не URI params. Mongo требует legacy --ssl --sslAllowInvalidCertificates (НЕ --tls --tlsInsecure despite --help listing --tlsInsecure — fails as unknown option pre---ssl).
• 2026-05-20 — Retention начали с 7 daily snapshots (RETENTION_DAYS=7). Weekly/monthly defer — 12G/day @ 7 days = 84G headroom вне hardlinks, на kreknin 5.6T free; нет смысла усложнять.
• 2026-05-20 — Cron не был установлен на VDS из-коробки на Ubuntu 24.04 — apt install cron был нужен. Lesson для будущих vds-* tasks: проверять which cron в preflight.
• 2026-05-20 — msmtp /etc/msmtprc system-wide (а не ~/.msmtprc) потому что cron как root → msmtp picks up /etc/ first.
• 2026-05-20 — Smoke run (2026-05-20 23:37 → 00:00) successful: 71,867 files / 11.74G transferred в 21m27s, all 4 DB dumps OK, latest symlink updated, ntfy + email sent.

Completed steps

• msmtp + msmtp-mta apt-installed; /etc/msmtprc written с Yandex SMTP creds (chmod 600 root:root)
• /opt/stacks/backup/.env создан с DB passwords + kreknin creds + retention (chmod 600)
• /opt/stacks/backup/scripts/run.sh написан (bash + flock single-instance + ERR trap)
• DB dumps protocol: pg_dumpall, mariadb-dump --single-transaction, mongodump --ssl --sslAllowInvalidCertificates, redis-cli SAVE + docker cp
• rsync sources finalized: /opt/stacks/*, /etc/{ssh,ufw,hosts,docker}, /home/vitya/.ssh, $DUMP_DIR
• /var/log/vds-backup/ log dir (pre-created via sudo + chown vitya)
• /etc/cron.d/vds-backup installed (root, 0 5 * * *)
• apt install cron (Ubuntu 24.04 не имел его out-of-box); cron.service active + enabled
• Smoke run as root: 71,867 files / 11.74G на kreknin:/volume1/NetBackup/vds-kzntsv/2026-05-20, latest symlink set, ntfy publish 200, email Yandex 250 OK
• Permission errors из vitya-run выявлены и устранены переходом на root cron

Notes

• Триггер: после [[vds-kzntsv-bootstrap]] Phase 3 + verdaccio/registry стабильны (done).
• Integration с vds-ntfy-push — backup publish на topic vds-backup (admin auth).
• Retention vs disk: kreknin 5.7T free, daily 7 × ~12G full ≈ 85G headroom (hardlinks делают incremental ~1G/day после day 1).
• acme.json проходит через rsync (внутри /opt/stacks/traefik) — содержит LE private keys, но VDS↔kreknin link trusted, kreknin ACL restricted to vitya. Acceptable trade-off vs шифрование через restic.
• Atomic revert: ssh vitya@89.253.255.94 'sudo systemctl stop cron; sudo rm /etc/cron.d/vds-backup; sudo apt-get remove -y cron msmtp msmtp-mta; sudo rm -rf /etc/msmtprc /opt/stacks/backup /var/log/vds-backup'